Kodi Goldwater ndi chiyani? - Zakudya Zachilengedwe Zachilengedwe komanso ZokhazikikaMadzi agolide ndi feteleza, wopangidwa ndi mkodzo wosakaniza ndi madzi. Mwa kusakaniza mkodzo ndi magawo 5-10 a madzi, njira yopezera michere yambiri imapangidwa, yokhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu - zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa zomera. Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka masauzande ambiri ndipo imapereka njira ina yosawononga chilengedwe m'malo mwa feteleza wa mankhwala. Kuchuluka kwa madzi agolide sikofunikira, koma ndikofunikira kusakaniza ndi madzi kuti asakhale olimba kwambiri kwa zomera. Madzi agolide akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka masauzande ambiri ndipo ndi njira yabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupatsa zomera zawo mphamvu.
Madzi agolide ndi aulere ndipo aliyense ali ndi mwayi wopeza. Lili ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe mundawo umakonda. Nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Komanso, ndi antiseptic. M’mbuyomu, m’zotengera zapulasitiki munalibe mankhwala oti azithira manyowa. Sanasungire matumba a feteleza kunyumba, koma adagwiritsa ntchito zomwe anali nazo ndipo zotsatira zake ndizabwino.
Kulima kokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kumafuna kuyang'anira zakudya za zomera. Zakudya zomwe zimachotsedwa ndi zinthu zokolola kuchokera kumunda ziyenera kusinthidwa ngati nthaka ikufuna kuti ikule bwino. Machitidwe akuluakulu akupangidwa ndi cholinga chobwezera zakudya zomwe zili m'zimbudzi ku ulimi, koma izi sizikutiletsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zosavuta ngati kuli koyenera. Madzi agolide atsimikiziridwa ndipo ofufuza ku Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences amalimbikitsa kuthira feteleza ndi mkodzo/madzi agolide kuti azitha kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kuti chitukuko chikhale chokhazikika. Aliyense amene ali ndi munda kapena malo olimapo akhoza kupanga njira yakeyake m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku mothandizidwa ndi Towa Gold Pot.
Feteleza wachilengedwe: Uli ndi michere yofunika kwambiri yomwe imalimbikitsa thanzi la zomera.
Kusamalira chilengedwe: Kumachepetsa kufunika kwa feteleza wopangira komanso kupsinjika kwa madzi otayira.
Zamtengo Wapatali: Zaulere ndipo zimapezeka kwa aliyense amene ali ndi mwayi wopeza madzi ndi mkodzo.
Yogwira Ntchito: Ikhoza kupereka zokolola zabwino kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku SLU.
Kusakaniza: Sakanizani gawo limodzi la mkodzo ndi magawo 9 a madzi kuti mupewe kufalikira kwa madzi m'thupi.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Thirirani madzi pakati pa mizere ndipo pewani kugunda masamba mwachindunji.
Kuchuluka: Gwiritsani ntchito kamodzi pa sabata nthawi yolima.
Mitundu ya zomera: Yoyenera zomera zambiri, koma pewani zomera zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzisamalira monga mitengo ya zipatso ndi zomera zazing'ono.
Ngati pali kusowa kwa zinthu monga potaziyamu, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous, masamba amaoneka pamasamba. Ngati nayitrogeni alibe , masamba amasanduka achikasu owala. Potaziyamu imayambitsa kupsa ndi chikasu m'mbali mwa masamba. Zipatso zimathanso kusintha mtundu. Kusowa kwa phosphorous kumayambitsa m'mbali zofiira kuzungulira masamba ndi petioles.
Zomera zonse zimafunikira zakudya kuti zikule bwino, zina zochulukirapo kapena zochepa. Madzi a golide ndi njira ina yonse. Ndikovuta kuthira feteleza ndi madzi agolide popeza mkodzo umasakanizidwa ndi madzi. Ngati mkodzo sunasakanizidwe, ukhoza kutentha zomera, koma ngati mutasakaniza ndi magawo 9 a madzi, palibe choopsa.
Pofuna kudzaza kusiyana kwa chidziwitso kumeneku, bungwe la Sweden National Organization for Recreational Cultivation (FOR) limodzi ndi Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) lachita maphunziro ndi mayeso othandiza pa momwe mkodzo wa anthu umagwiritsidwira ntchito bwino ngati michere ya zomera mu ulimi wachilengedwe.
Mkodzo wa munthu uli ndi zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri pa zomera: nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), ndi potaziyamu (K). Nayitrogeni imathandizira kukula kobiriwira, phosphorous imalimbitsa mizu ndipo potaziyamu imathandizira kukana kwa mbewu ndi kukhazikika kwa zipatso. Pafupifupi, lita imodzi ya mkodzo imakhala ndi 5 magalamu a nayitrogeni, 1 gramu ya phosphorous ndi 2 magalamu a potaziyamu. Zinthu zonse zimachitika m'njira yosungunuka mosavuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbewu zimatha kuzimeza mwachangu. Izi zimapangitsa mkodzo kukhala feteleza wogwira mtima komanso wofulumira.
Kuthira feteleza ndi mkodzo ndikosavuta. Mutha kutolera mkodzo watsopano mu chidebe cha pulasitiki kapena mphika ndikuugwiritsa ntchito m'mundamo, kapena kuusunga mu chidebe chotsekedwa mwamphamvu kwa milungu ingapo musanagwiritse ntchito. Pofuna kupewa fungo ndi kuwonongeka kwa zomera, muyenera kuchepetsa mkodzo ndi madzi. Lingaliro lofala ndi kusakaniza gawo limodzi la mkodzo ndi magawo khumi a madzi. Kapenanso, mukhoza kuthirira mwamsanga pambuyo kufalitsa undiluted mkodzo.
Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumatengera chonde cha nthaka ndi mbewu zomwe mumalima. Nthawi zambiri, ndikwanira kuthira 1 mpaka 2 malita a mkodzo wosungunuka pa lalikulu mita panyengo yakukula. Munthu wamkulu amatulutsa pafupifupi mkodzo wokwanira tsiku lililonse kuti ugwire sikweya mita imodzi ya malo olimapo. Anthu awiri atha kuthira feteleza pafupifupi masikweya mita 400 m'munda mu semesita yachilimwe.
Mkodzo umagwiranso ntchito ngati chowonjezera ku kompositi, makamaka ngati kompositiyo ili ndi nayitrogeni yochepa, monga masamba, udzu kapena utuchi. Mkodzo umathandizira kuwonongeka ndikuwonjezera thanzi labwino mu kompositi.
Nthawi yabwino yothira feteleza ndi mkodzo ndi nthawi ya masika ndi koyambirira kwa chilimwe, pamene zomera zili mu gawo lakukula kwambiri. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi autumn, ndi bwino kupewa feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni, chifukwa zingayambitse kupangika kwa masamba kosafunikira ndikuchedwa kusasitsa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa masamba. Malamulo omwewo a chala amagwiranso ntchito ngati feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni: musadyetse zomera zosatha pambuyo pa July. Chizindikiro chodziwikiratu kuti mbewuzo zikupeza nayitrogeni wokwanira ndi mtundu wawo wobiriwira wamasamba.
Zomera zambiri zimakula bwino ndi mkodzo ngati feteleza, makamaka mbewu zomwe zimafuna michere monga leek, kabichi, tomato, ndi dzungu. Komabe, zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mchere kapena feteleza wamphamvu wa nayitrogeni ziyenera kulandira mkodzo wowonjezera wosungunuka - muzosakaniza monga 1:15 kapena 1:20. Izi zimagwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ku zomera zazing'ono, zitsamba ndi zomera zina za mabulosi. Kwa zomera kapena zomera zokhudzidwa kwambiri mumiphika, mukhoza kuyesa kusakaniza kofooka ndikuwona zotsatira zake.
Pogwiritsa ntchito bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mkodzo ngati feteleza ndikotetezeka komanso kwaukhondo. Mkodzo nthawi zambiri umakhala wosabala, koma mwapadera umakhala ndi mabakiteriya. Choncho, ndi bwino kupewa kukhudzana mwachindunji pakati pa mkodzo ndi mbali zodyedwa za mbewu. Ngati simukudziwa, mutha kuyembekezera mwezi umodzi musanakolole, kapena kuphika masamba bwino.
Zotsalira za mankhwala, monga maantibayotiki ndi mahomoni, zimapezeka mumkodzo, koma kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti zinthuzi zimawonongeka mofulumira m'nthaka ndipo sizikhala ndi zotsatira zoyezera pa zomera kapena moyo wa nthaka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono.
Mchere ndi chinthu chinanso choyenera kukumbukira. Ngati mumadya zakudya zamchere zambiri, mchere wa mkodzo wanu ukhoza kuwonjezeka, zomwe zomera zina zimakhudzidwa nazo. Pochita, chiopsezo ndi chochepa, koma ngati mukufuna kusamala kwambiri, mukhoza kupewa kusonkhanitsa mkodzo tsiku lomwelo mudadya mchere wambiri.
Pomaliza, muyenera kuganizira za dera lanu. Pofuna kupewa fungo, ndi bwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito mkodzo wosungunuka bwino ndi madzi pambuyo pake. Pewaninso kugwiritsa ntchito mkodzo m'malo otetezedwa ndi madzi kapena pomwe nthaka imatha kuloleza kwambiri, kuti musawononge madzi apansi panthaka.
Feteleza ndi mkodzo ndi njira yosavuta, yokhazikika komanso yachilengedwe yosamalira dimba lanu. Ndi yaulere, yothandiza komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe. Kafukufuku wochokera ku Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences amasonyeza kuti mkodzo umagwira ntchito mofanana ndi feteleza wamba - komanso ndi sitepe yolondola yopita ku ulimi wozungulira.
Ndi Towa Gold Pot, n'zosavuta kusonkhanitsa mkodzo ndi madzi mwachindunji kumene zomera zimafunikira michere. Mphika umaphatikiza mphika ndi chitini chothirira mu chimodzi - choyenera munda, kuthengo kapena kumunda.