Yintoni iGoldwater? – Isondlo seSityalo seNdalo kunye nesiZinzileyoAmanzi egolide sisichumisi, esakhiwe ngumxube womchamo namanzi. Ngokuxuba umchamo ngamanzi angama-5-10, kwenziwa isisombululo esityebileyo kwizakhamzimba, esityebileyo kwi-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium - izinto ezibalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwezityalo. Le ndlela isetyenzisiwe amawaka eminyaka kwaye inika enye indlela enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo endaweni yezichumisi zeekhemikhali. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi egolide alubalulekanga, kodwa kubalulekile ukuwaxuba ngamanzi ukuze angabi namandla kakhulu kwizityalo. Amanzi egolide asetyenziswe amawaka eminyaka kwaye lukhetho olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwabo bafuna ukunika izityalo zabo amandla.
Amanzi egolide asimahla kwaye into wonke umntu anokufikelela kuyo. Inezondlo ezininzi ezithandwa ngumyezo. I-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium. Ukongezelela, i-antiseptic. Ngaphambili, bezingekho iikhemikhali kwizikhongozeli zeplastiki zokuchumisa izityalo. Abazange bafake iingxowa zesichumisi ekhaya, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo basebenzise oko babenakho kwaye iziphumo ziphezulu.
Ukulima okuzinzileyo ixesha elide kufuna ulawulo lwezixhobo zezondlo zezityalo. Izondlo ezisuswa ngeemveliso ezivuniweyo kumhlaba wezolimo kufuneka zitshintshwe ukuba amandla okuvelisa umhlaba aza kugcinwa. Kuphuhliswa iinkqubo ezinkulu ngenjongo yokubuyisela izondlo ezikwinkunkuma yendlu yangasese kwezolimo, kodwa oku akusithinteli ekusebenziseni ezinye iindlela ezilula xa kufanelekile. Amanzi egolide aqinisekisiwe kwaye ukuchumisa ngomchamo/amanzi egolide kuyacetyiswa ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseSweden yeSayensi yezoLimo ukuze kufunyanwe ngokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Nabani na onegadi okanye indawo yokulima unokudala umjikelo wakhe kubomi bemihla ngemihla ngoncedo lweTowa Gold Pot.
Isichumiso sendalo: Sinezondlo ezibalulekileyo ezikhuthaza impilo yezityalo.
Ilungele okusingqongileyo: Inciphisa isidingo sezichumisi zokwenziwa kunye noxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokulahla amanzi amdaka.
Eyongayo: Isimahla kwaye ifumaneka kuye nabani na onokufikelela emanzini nakumchamo.
Isebenza kakuhle: Ingavelisa isivuno esingcono ngokuphindwe kasixhenxe ngokophando oluvela kwi-SLU.
Ukuxutywa: Xuba inxenye e-1 yomchamo kunye nenxalenye ezi-9 zamanzi ukuze uphephe ukuphelelwa ngamandla.
Ukusetyenziswa: Ncedisa phakathi kwemigca kwaye uphephe ukutshaya amagqabi ngqo.
Izihlandlo: Sebenzisa kube kanye ngeveki ngexesha lokukhula.
Iintlobo zezityalo: Zilungele izityalo ezininzi, kodwa musa ukuzitya kwiintlobo ezibuthathaka ezifana nezihlahla zamaqunube kunye neentsha.
Xa kukho ukunqongophala kwezinto ezifana ne-potassium, i-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus, ibonakala emagqabini. Xa i- nitrogen inqongophele , amagqabi ajika abe mthubi oqaqambileyo. I-potassium ibangela imiphetho etshileyo netyheli emagqabini. Amaqunube anokutshintsha umbala. Ukunqongophala kwe -phosphorus kubangela imiphetho ebomvu ejikeleze amagqabi kunye nama-petioles.
Zonke izityalo zidinga izondlo ukuze zichume, ezinye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Amanzi egolide yenye indlela ebanzi. Kunzima ukutyebisa kakhulu ngamanzi egolide njengoko umchamo uxutywe namanzi. Ukuba umchamo awuxutywanga, unokutshisa izityalo, kodwa ukuba uxuba kunye neengxenye ezili-9 zamanzi, akukho ngozi.
Ukugcwalisa lo msantsa wolwazi, i-Swedish National Organisation for Recreational Cultivation (FOR) kunye ne -Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) zenze izifundo kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo malunga nendlela engcono yokusetyenziswa komchamo womntu njengesondlo sezityalo kwizolimo eziphilayo.
Umchamo womntu unezona zondlo ezithathu ezibalulekileyo kwizityalo: initrogen (N), iphosphorus (P), kunye nepotassium (K). I-nitrogen ikhuthaza ukukhula okuluhlaza, i-phosphorus yomeleza iingcambu kwaye i-potassium iphucula ukuxhathisa kwezityalo kunye nokubeka iziqhamo. Ngokomyinge, ilitha enye yomchamo iqulethe malunga ne-5 grams ye-nitrogen, i-1 gram ye-phosphorus kunye ne-2 grams ye-potassium. Zonke izinto zenzeka ngendlela ekulula ukunyibilika, nto leyo ethetha ukuba izityalo zinokufunxa ngokukhawuleza. Oku kwenza umchamo ube sisichumisi esisebenzayo nesisebenza ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuchumisa ngomchamo kulula. Ungaqokelela umchamo omtsha kwisingxobo seplastiki okanye imbiza uze uwusebenzise ngokuthe ngqo egadini, okanye uwugcine kwisingxobo esivalwe ngci kwiiveki ezimbalwa phambi kokuba usetyenziswe. Ukuze ugweme ukuvumba kunye nomonakalo kwizityalo, kufuneka uhlambulule umchamo ngamanzi. Isiphakamiso esiqhelekileyo kukuxuba inxalenye yomchamo kunye neshumi lamanzi. Kungenjalo, unokunkcenkceshela ngoko nangoko emva kokusasaza umchamo ongaxutywanga.
Ubungakanani bomchamo obufunekayo buxhomekeke ekuchumeni komhlaba kunye nezityalo ozilimayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwanele ukusebenzisa i-1 ukuya kwi-2 ilitha yomchamo ohlanjululweyo kwimitha yesikwere ngexesha lokukhula. Umntu omdala uvelisa malunga nomchamo owaneleyo ngosuku ukugubungela i-square meter enye yendawo yokulima. Abantu ababini ke ngoko banokufaka isichumiso malunga nama-400 square metres egadi ngexesha lesiqingatha sonyaka.
Umchamo uphinde usebenze kakuhle njengesongezelelo kwi-compost, ngakumbi ukuba i-compost iphantsi kwi-nitrogen, njengamagqabi, i-straw okanye i-sawdust. Umchamo ukhawulezisa ukubola kwaye uphucula ibhalansi yesondlo kumgquba.
Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuchumisa ngomchamo kusentlakohlaza nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, xa izityalo zikwisigaba sazo sokukhula esisebenzayo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, kungcono ukunqanda ukuchumisa okunenitrogen, njengoko kunokukhokelela ekubunjweni kwamagqabi okungafunekiyo kunye nokulibaziseka ukuvuthwa kunye nokusekwa kwamathupha. Imithetho efanayo yobhontsi iyasebenza nakwezinye izichumisi ezinenitrogen: musa ukuchumisa izityalo ezingapheliyo emva kukaJulayi. Uphawu olucacileyo lokuba izityalo zifumana initrogen eyaneleyo ngumbala wazo ogqamileyo wegqabi.
Uninzi lwezityalo zikhula kakuhle ngomchamo njengesichumiso, ngakumbi izityalo ezifuna izondlo ezifana neleeks, ikhaphetshu, iitumato kunye nezityalo zamathanga. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo ezibuthathaka kwityuwa okanye kwizichumiso zenitrogen ezomeleleyo kufuneka zifumane umchamo owongezelelweyo oxutyiweyo - kwimixube efana ne-1:15 okanye 1:20. Oku kusebenza, umzekelo, kwizityalo ezincinci, imifuno kunye nezityalo ezithile zamaqunube. Kwizityalo ezibuthathaka ngakumbi okanye izityalo kwiimbiza, ungazama umxube obuthathaka kwaye ujonge iziphumo.
Ngokuphathwa ngendlela eyiyo, ukusebenzisa umchamo njengesichumiso kukhuselekile kwaye kucocekile. Umchamo udla ngokuba yinyumba, kodwa kwiimeko ezizodwa unokuba neebhaktheriya. Ngoko ke, kububulumko ukuphepha ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi komchamo kunye neendawo ezidliwayo zesityalo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, unokulinda ubuncinane inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna, okanye upheke imifuno ngokufanelekileyo.
Iintsalela zamachiza, ezifana ne-antibiotics kunye namahomoni, zinokufumaneka kumchamo, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba ezi zinto ziqhekeza ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni kwaye azikho impembelelo enokulinganiswa kwizityalo okanye kubomi bomhlaba xa zisetyenziswe kwinqanaba elincinci.
Ityuwa yenye into ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Ukuba utya ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi, isiqulatho setyuwa kumchamo wakho sinokunyuka, nto leyo ezinye izityalo ezibuthathaka kuzo. Ngokwenza, umngcipheko uncinci, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukunyamekela ngakumbi, unokuphepha ukuqokelela umchamo kwangolo suku udle ityuwa eninzi.
Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ucinge ngendawo ekungqongileyo. Ukuze ugweme iphunga, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umchamo ohlanjululweyo kunye namanzi emva koko. Kuphephe kananjalo ukusebenzisa umchamo kwiindawo ezikhusela amanzi okanye apho umhlaba ungena khona kakhulu, ukuze ungabi sengozini yokuchaphazela amanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Ukuchumisa ngomchamo yindlela elula, ezinzileyo kunye nendalo yokukhathalela isitiya sakho. Isimahla, iyasebenza kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Uphononongo oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseSweden yeNzululwazi yezoLimo lubonisa ukuba umchamo usebenza ubuncinane kunye nezichumisi eziqhelekileyo - kwaye ikwalinyathelo eliya kwicala elichanekileyo elibhekiselele ekulimeni okujikeleza ngakumbi.
NgeTowa Gold Pot, kulula ukuqokelela umchamo kunye namanzi ngqo apho izityalo zifuna khona izondlo. Imbiza idibanisa imbiza kunye nekani yokunkcenkceshela kwenye - ifanelekile kwigadi, emaphandleni okanye kwisabelo.