Yintoni iGoldwater? – Isondlo seSityalo seNdalo kunye nesiZinzileyoAmanzi egolide sisichumisi, esiquka umxube womchamo namanzi. Ngokuhlambulula umchamo kunye neengxenye ze-5-10 zamanzi, isisombululo esinezondlo senziwa, esityebileyo kwi-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium - izinto ezibalulekileyo zokukhula kwezityalo. Le ndlela isetyenziselwe amawaka eminyaka kwaye inika enye indlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwizichumisi zekhemikhali. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi egolide alubalulekanga, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlanjululwa ngamanzi ukuze ungabi namandla kakhulu kwizityalo. Amanzi egolide anayo isetyenziswe kangangamawaka eminyaka kwaye lukhetho oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo kwabo bafuna ukunika izityalo zabo amandla.
Amanzi egolide asimahla kwaye into wonke umntu anokufikelela kuyo. Inezondlo ezininzi ezithandwa ngumyezo. I-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium. Ukongezelela, i-antiseptic. Ngaphambili, bezingekho iikhemikhali kwizikhongozeli zeplastiki zokuchumisa izityalo. Abazange bafake iingxowa zesichumisi ekhaya, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo basebenzise oko babenakho kwaye iziphumo ziphezulu.
Ukulima okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kufuna ulawulo lwemithombo yezondlo zezityalo. Izondlo ezisuswayo kunye nemveliso yezityalo kumhlaba wokulima kufuneka zitshintshwe ukuba amandla okuvelisa umhlaba kufuneka agcinwe. Iinkqubo ezinkulu ziyaphuhliswa ngenjongo yokubuyisela izondlo kwinkunkuma yendlu yangasese zisiwe kwezolimo, kodwa oko akusithinteli ekusebenziseni iindlela ezilula ezizezinye xa kufanelekile. Amanzi egolide aqinisekisiwe kwaye Ukuchumisa ngomchamo / amanzi egolide kucetyiswa ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseSweden yeSayensi yezoLimo ukwenzela ukuchumisa okusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Nabani na onomyezo okanye isabelo unokudala umjikelo wabo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla ngoncedo lweTowa Gold Pitcher.
Isichumisi sendalo: Iqulethe izondlo ezibalulekileyo ezikhuthaza impilo yezityalo.
Indawo intle: Ukunciphisa imfuno yezichumisi ezenziweyo kunye nomthwalo kwinkqubo yogutyulo.
Ngokwezoqoqosho: Isimahla kwaye iyafumaneka kuye nabani na onokufikelela emanzini nomchamo.
Iyasebenza: Ingavelisa ukuya kutsho kasixhenxe ngokuphinda-phindwe kasixhenxe kwezivuno ezingcono ngokophando olusuka kwi-SLU.
Ukunciphisa: Xuba inxalenye e-1 yomchamo kunye neenxalenye ezili-9 zamanzi ukunqanda i-eutrophication.
Isicelo: Amanzi phakathi kwemiqolo kwaye ugweme ukubetha amagqabi ngokuthe ngqo.
Frekvens: Sebenzisa kanye ngeveki ngexesha lokukhula.
Iintlobo zezityalo: Ifanelekile kwizityalo ezininzi, kodwa ziphephe kwiintlobo ezibuthathaka ezifana namatyholo amaqunube kunye namancinci
Xa kukho ukungabikho kwezinto ezifana ne-potassium, i-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus, ibonakala emagqabini. Xa engekho initrogen amagqabi ajika abe tyheli. IKalium yenza imiphetho etshileyo netyheli emagqabini. Amaqunube nawo anokuba nombala. Ukudunga i ifosforasi ivelisa imiphetho ebomvu ejikeleze amagqabi kunye ne-petioles.
Zonke izityalo zidinga izondlo ukuze zichume, ezinye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Amanzi egolide yenye indlela ebanzi. Kunzima ukutyebisa kakhulu ngamanzi egolide njengoko umchamo uxutywe namanzi. Ukuba umchamo awuxutywanga, unokutshisa izityalo, kodwa ukuba uxuba kunye neengxenye ezili-9 zamanzi, akukho ngozi.
Ukuzalisa esi sikhewu solwazi, uMbutho weSizwe woLimo loLonwabo (FOR) kunye IYunivesithi yaseSweden yeNzululwazi yezoLimo (SLU) kuqhutywe izifundo kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo malunga nendlela umchamo womntu osetyenziswa ngayo kakuhle njengoko isondlo sezityalo kulimo oluphilayo.
Umchamo womntu unezona zondlo ezithathu ezibalulekileyo kwizityalo: initrogen (N), iphosphorus (P), kunye nepotassium (K). I-nitrogen ikhuthaza ukukhula okuluhlaza, i-phosphorus yomeleza iingcambu kwaye i-potassium iphucula ukuxhathisa kwezityalo kunye nokubeka iziqhamo. Ngokomyinge, ilitha enye yomchamo iqulethe malunga ne-5 grams ye-nitrogen, i-1 gram ye-phosphorus kunye ne-2 grams ye-potassium. Zonke izinto zenzeka ngendlela ekulula ukunyibilika, nto leyo ethetha ukuba izityalo zinokufunxa ngokukhawuleza. Oku kwenza umchamo ube sisichumisi esisebenzayo nesisebenza ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuchumisa ngomchamo kulula. Ungaqokelela umchamo omtsha kwisingxobo seplastiki okanye imbiza uze uwusebenzise ngokuthe ngqo egadini, okanye uwugcine kwisingxobo esivalwe ngci kwiiveki ezimbalwa phambi kokuba usetyenziswe. Ukuze ugweme ukuvumba kunye nomonakalo kwizityalo, kufuneka uhlambulule umchamo ngamanzi. Isiphakamiso esiqhelekileyo kukuxuba inxalenye yomchamo kunye neshumi lamanzi. Kungenjalo, unokunkcenkceshela ngoko nangoko emva kokusasaza umchamo ongaxutywanga.
Ubungakanani bomchamo obufunekayo buxhomekeke ekuchumeni komhlaba kunye nezityalo ozilimayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwanele ukusebenzisa i-1 ukuya kwi-2 ilitha yomchamo ohlanjululweyo kwimitha yesikwere ngexesha lokukhula. Umntu omdala uvelisa malunga nomchamo owaneleyo ngosuku ukugubungela i-square meter enye yendawo yokulima. Abantu ababini ke ngoko banokufaka isichumiso malunga nama-400 square metres egadi ngexesha lesiqingatha sonyaka.
Umchamo uphinde usebenze kakuhle njengesongezelelo kwi-compost, ngakumbi ukuba i-compost iphantsi kwi-nitrogen, njengamagqabi, i-straw okanye i-sawdust. Umchamo ukhawulezisa ukubola kwaye uphucula ibhalansi yesondlo kumgquba.
Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuchumisa ngomchamo kusentlakohlaza nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, xa izityalo zikwisigaba sazo sokukhula esisebenzayo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, kungcono ukunqanda ukuchumisa okunenitrogen, njengoko kunokukhokelela ekubunjweni kwamagqabi okungafunekiyo kunye nokulibaziseka ukuvuthwa kunye nokusekwa kwamathupha. Imithetho efanayo yobhontsi iyasebenza nakwezinye izichumisi ezinenitrogen: musa ukuchumisa izityalo ezingapheliyo emva kukaJulayi. Uphawu olucacileyo lokuba izityalo zifumana initrogen eyaneleyo ngumbala wazo ogqamileyo wegqabi.
Uninzi lwezityalo zikhula kakuhle ngomchamo njengesichumiso, ngakumbi izityalo ezifuna izondlo ezifana neleeks, ikhaphetshu, iitumato kunye nezityalo zamathanga. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo ezibuthathaka kwityuwa okanye kwizichumiso zenitrogen ezomeleleyo kufuneka zifumane umchamo owongezelelweyo oxutyiweyo - kwimixube efana ne-1:15 okanye 1:20. Oku kusebenza, umzekelo, kwizityalo ezincinci, imifuno kunye nezityalo ezithile zamaqunube. Kwizityalo ezibuthathaka ngakumbi okanye izityalo kwiimbiza, ungazama umxube obuthathaka kwaye ujonge iziphumo.
Ngokuphathwa ngendlela eyiyo, ukusebenzisa umchamo njengesichumiso kukhuselekile kwaye kucocekile. Umchamo udla ngokuba yinyumba, kodwa kwiimeko ezizodwa unokuba neebhaktheriya. Ngoko ke, kububulumko ukuphepha ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi komchamo kunye neendawo ezidliwayo zesityalo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, unokulinda ubuncinane inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna, okanye upheke imifuno ngokufanelekileyo.
Iintsalela zamachiza, ezifana ne-antibiotics kunye namahomoni, zinokufumaneka kumchamo, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba ezi zinto ziqhekeza ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni kwaye azikho impembelelo enokulinganiswa kwizityalo okanye kubomi bomhlaba xa zisetyenziswe kwinqanaba elincinci.
Ityuwa yenye into ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Ukuba utya ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi, isiqulatho setyuwa kumchamo wakho sinokunyuka, nto leyo ezinye izityalo ezibuthathaka kuzo. Ngokwenza, umngcipheko uncinci, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukunyamekela ngakumbi, unokuphepha ukuqokelela umchamo kwangolo suku udle ityuwa eninzi.
Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ucinge ngendawo ekungqongileyo. Ukuze ugweme iphunga, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umchamo ohlanjululweyo kunye namanzi emva koko. Kuphephe kananjalo ukusebenzisa umchamo kwiindawo ezikhusela amanzi okanye apho umhlaba ungena khona kakhulu, ukuze ungabi sengozini yokuchaphazela amanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Ukuchumisa ngomchamo yindlela elula, ezinzileyo kunye nendalo yokukhathalela isitiya sakho. Isimahla, iyasebenza kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Uphononongo oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseSweden yeNzululwazi yezoLimo lubonisa ukuba umchamo usebenza ubuncinane kunye nezichumisi eziqhelekileyo - kwaye ikwalinyathelo eliya kwicala elichanekileyo elibhekiselele ekulimeni okujikeleza ngakumbi.
Med Ijegi yeGolden Towa Kuba lula ukuqokelela umchamo namanzi ngokuthe ngqo apho izityalo zidinga izondlo. Ijug idibanisa imbiza kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwelinye - ilungele igadi, ilizwe okanye isabelo.