Iyini i-Goldwater? – Ukondleka Kwezitshalo Kwemvelo NesimemeAmanzi egolide iwumanyolo, ohlanganisa ingxube yomchamo namanzi. Ngokuhlambulula umchamo ngezingxenye ezingu-5-10 zamanzi, kwakhiwa isisombululo esinomsoco, esicebile ku-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium - izinto ezibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Le ndlela isetshenziswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka futhi inikeza enye indlela evumelana nemvelo kumanyolo wamakhemikhali. Ukugcwala kwamanzi egolide akubalulekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuwahlanza ngamanzi ukuze angabi namandla kakhulu ezitshalweni. Amanzi egolide anawo sekusetshenziswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka futhi kuyisinqumo esivumelana nemvelo kulabo abafuna ukunikeza izitshalo zabo amandla.
Amanzi asagolide amahhala futhi okuthile wonke umuntu angafinyelela kukho. Iqukethe imisoco eminingi ethandwa ingadi. I-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-antiseptic. Esikhathini esedlule, ayengekho amakhemikhali ezitsheni zepulasitiki zokuvundisa izitshalo. Abazange bafake izikhwama zomanyolo ekhaya, kodwa vele basebenzise lokho ababenakho futhi imiphumela iphakeme.
Ukulima okusimeme isikhathi eside kudinga ukuphathwa kwemithombo yezakhi zezitshalo. Izakhamzimba ezisuswa nemikhiqizo yezitshalo emhlabeni wokulima kufanele zishintshwe uma umthamo wokukhiqiza wenhlabathi uzogcinwa. Izinhlelo ezinkulu ziyathuthukiswa ngenhloso yokubuyisela imisoco emfucumfucwini yasendlini yangasese iye kwezolimo, kodwa lokho akusivimbeli ekusebenziseni ezinye izindlela ezilula lapho kufanele. Amanzi egolide afakazelwa futhi Ukuvundisa ngomchamo/amanzi egolide kunconywa abacwaningi base-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ukuze kufakwe umquba ohambisana nemvelo kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo. Noma ubani onengadi noma isabelo angakwazi ukudala umjikelezo wakhe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngosizo lwe-Towa Gold Pitcher.
Umanyolo wemvelo: Iqukethe imisoco ebalulekile ekhuthaza impilo yezitshalo.
Ivumelana nemvelo: Yehlisa isidingo sikamanyolo wokwenziwa kanye nomthwalo ohlelweni lokukhuculula indle.
Ngokomnotho: Kumahhala futhi kutholakala kunoma ubani onokufinyelela emanzini nomchamo.
Isebenza kahle: Ingavuna isivuno esiphindwe kasikhombisa ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-SLU.
Ukunciphisa: Hlanganisa ingxenye engu-1 yomchamo nezingxenye ezingu-9 zamanzi ukuze ugweme i-eutrophication.
Isicelo: Nisela phakathi kwemigqa futhi ugweme ukushaya amaqabunga ngokuqondile.
Frekvens: Sebenzisa kanye ngesonto ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo: Ifanele izitshalo eziningi, kodwa gwema ezinhlotsheni ezizwelayo njengezihlahla zamaberry nezincane
Uma kukhona ukuntuleka kwezinto ezifana ne-potassium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, ibonakala emaqabunga. Uma engekho initrogen amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi ngokugqamile. I-Kalium kubangela ukusha nokuphuzi emaceleni. Amajikijolo angase ashintshe umbala. Iswela i-phosphorus ikhiqiza imiphetho ebomvu ezungeze amaqabunga nama-petioles.
Zonke izitshalo zidinga imisoco ukuze zikhule, ezinye zibe ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi. Amanzi egolide ayindlela ebanzi. Kunzima ukuvundisa ngokweqile ngamanzi egolide njengoba umchamo uhlanganiswe namanzi. Uma umchamo ungaxubekile, ungashisa izitshalo, kodwa uma uxuba nezingxenye ezingu-9 zamanzi, akukho ngozi.
Ukugcwalisa lesi sikhala solwazi, Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yokulima Nokuzithokozisa (FOR) kanye I-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) kwenziwe izifundo nezivivinyo ezingokoqobo zokuthi umchamo womuntu usetshenziswa kanjani kangcono njenge umsoco wezitshalo ekulimeni okuphilayo.
Umchamo womuntu uqukethe imisoco emithathu ebaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni: i-nitrogen (N), i-phosphorus (P) ne-potassium (K). I-nitrogen ikhuthaza ukukhula okuluhlaza, i-phosphorus iqinisa izimpande futhi i-potassium ithuthukisa ukumelana nezitshalo kanye nokubeka izithelo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ilitha elilodwa lomchamo liqukethe cishe amagremu angu-5 e-nitrogen, igremu elilodwa le-phosphorus kanye namagremu angaphezu kuka-1 e-potassium. Zonke izinto zenzeka ngendlela encibilika kalula, okusho ukuthi izitshalo zingakwazi ukumunca ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenza umchamo ube ngumanyolo osebenzayo futhi osebenza ngokushesha.
Ukuvundisa ngomchamo kulula. Ungaqoqa umchamo omusha esitsheni sepulasitiki noma ebhodweni bese uwusebenzisa ngqo engadini, noma uwugcine esitsheni esivalwe ngci amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa. Ukuze ugweme iphunga nokulimala kwezitshalo, kufanele uhlanza umchamo ngamanzi. Isincomo esivamile ukuxuba ingxenye yomchamo nezingxenye eziyishumi zamanzi. Kungenjalo, ungakwazi ukuchelela ngokushesha ngemva kokusabalalisa umchamo ongahluziwe.
Ukuthi ungakanani umchamo odingekayo kuncike ekuvundeni komhlabathi nokuthi utshala ziphi izitshalo. Ngokuvamile, kwanele ukufaka amalitha angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 omchamo ohlanjululwe ngemitha yesikwele ngesikhathi sokukhula. Umuntu omdala ukhiqiza umchamo owanele ngosuku ukuvala imitha yesikwele esisodwa sendawo yokulima. Ngakho-ke abantu ababili bangavundisa cishe amamitha-skwele angama-400 engadini phakathi nesemester yasehlobo.
Umchamo ubuye usebenze kahle njengesengezo kumquba, ikakhulukazi uma umquba unenitrogen encane, njengamaqabunga, utshani noma sawdust. Umchamo usheshisa ukubola futhi uthuthukisa ibhalansi yezomsoco kumquba.
Isikhathi esihle sokuvundisa ngomchamo kusentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho izitshalo zisesigabeni sazo sokukhula esisebenza kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, kungcono ukugwema ukuvundiswa okucebile nge-nitrogen, njengoba kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwamaqabunga okungadingekile futhi kubambezele ukuvuthwa kanye nokusetha amahlumela. Imithetho efanayo yesithupha iyasebenza nakwamanye ama-fertilizer anothe nge-nitrogen: musa ukuvundisa izitshalo ezihlala njalo ngemva kukaJulayi. Uphawu olucacile lokuthi izitshalo zithola initrogen eyanele umbala wazo ogqamile wamaqabunga aluhlaza.
Izitshalo eziningi zikhula kahle ngomchamo njengomanyolo, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezidinga umsoco njengamalikhi, iklabishi, utamatisi, nezitshalo zamathanga. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo ezizwela usawoti noma umanyolo oqinile we-nitrogen kufanele zithole umchamo owengeziwe ohlanjululwe - ngezingxube ezifana no-1:15 noma 1:20. Lokhu kusebenza, isibonelo, ezitshalweni ezincane, amakhambi kanye nezitshalo ezithile zamaberry. Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezizwelayo kakhulu noma izitshalo ezimbizeni, ungazama ingxube ebuthaka futhi uqaphele imiphumela.
Ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, ukusebenzisa umchamo njengomanyolo kuphephile futhi kuhlanzekile. Umchamo uvamise ukuba yinyumba, kodwa ezimeni ezihlukile ungaqukatha amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukugwema ukuthintana okuqondile phakathi komchamo nezingxenye ezidliwayo zesitshalo. Uma ungaqiniseki, ungalinda okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna, noma upheke imifino ngendlela efanele.
Izinsalela zemithi, njengama-antibiotics nama-hormone, zingatholakala emchameni, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lezi zinto zibola ngokushesha emhlabathini futhi azinawo umthelela olinganisekayo ezitshalweni noma ekuphileni kwenhlabathi uma zisetshenziswa ngezinga elincane.
Usawoti ungenye into okufanele uyikhumbule. Uma udla ukudla okunosawoti omningi, usawoti womchamo wakho ungakhula, okuyinto ezinye izitshalo ezizwelayo kukho. Ngokwenza, ingozi incane, kodwa uma ufuna ukuqaphela kakhulu, ungagwema ukuqoqa umchamo ngosuku olufanayo udle usawoti omningi.
Okokugcina, kufanele ucabange ngendawo okuzungezile. Ukuze ugweme iphunga, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umchamo ohlanjululwe kahle namanzi ngemva kwalokho. Futhi gwema ukusebenzisa umchamo ezindaweni ezivikela amanzi noma lapho inhlabathi ingena khona kakhulu, ukuze ungabi sengozini yokuphazamisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuvundisa ngomchamo kuyindlela elula, eqhubekayo futhi engokwemvelo yokunakekela ingadi yakho. Imahhala, iyasebenza futhi ayihambisani nemvelo. Ucwaningo oluvela e-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences lubonisa ukuthi umchamo usebenza okungenani kanye nomanyolo ovamile - futhi uyisinyathelo esisendleleni efanele ekulimeni okuyisiyingi.
Med I-Golden Jug Towa Kuba lula ukuqoqa umchamo namanzi ngqo lapho izitshalo zidinga umsoco. Ujeke uhlanganisa ibhodwe kanye nekani lokunisela endaweni eyodwa - ilungele ingadi, izwe noma isabelo.